Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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1.
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The diagram below represents
chromosomes in a zygote.
Which diagrams best illustrate the daughter cells that result from normal mitotic cell
division of this zygote?
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2.
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The diagram below shows the
human female reproductive system.
The
fetus normally develops within structure
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3.
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Which statement does not
correctly describe an adaptation of the human female reproductive system? A. | It produces gametes in ovaries. | B. | It provides for external fertilization of an egg. | C. | It provides for internal development of the embryo. | D. | It removes excretions produced by the fetus. | | |
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4.
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Which event does not occur
between stages 2 and 11 in the process represented in the diagram below?
A. | a decrease in cell size | C. | the development of embryonic layers | B. | DNA replication | D. | fertilization | | | | |
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5.
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The diagram below can be used
to illustrate a process directly involved in
A. | tissue repair | C. | recombination | B. | meiosis | D. | sexual reproduction | | | | |
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6.
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Male reproductive cells from
numerous lubber grasshoppers, lake trout, and field mice were examined and found to have flagella. A
valid conclusion that can be made based on this observation is that A. | only lubber grasshoppers, lake trout, and field mice produce reproductive cells with
flagella | B. | all organisms produce male reproductive cells with
flagella | C. | only male organisms produce reproductive cells with
flagella | D. | all male lubber grasshoppers, lake trout, and field mice produce
reproductive cells with flagella | | |
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7.
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When a pregnant woman ingests
toxins such as alcohol and nicotine, the embryo is put at risk because these toxins
can A. | diffuse from the mother's blood into the embryo's blood within the
placenta | B. | enter the embryo when it eats | C. | transfer to the embryo since the mother's blood normally mixes with the embryo's blood
in the placenta | D. | enter the uterus through the mother's
navel | | |
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8.
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Most cells in the body of a
fruit fly contain eight chromosomes. In some cells, only four chromosomes are present, a condition
which is a direct result of A. | mitotic cell
division | C. | embryonic differentiation | B. | meiotic cell
division | D. | internal fertilization | | | | |
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9.
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The diagrams below represent
some events in a cell undergoing normal meiotic cell division.
Which diagram most likely represents a new
cell resulting from meiotic cell division of the cell shown above?
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10.
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A human zygote is produced from
gametes that are usually identical in A. | the expression of encoded
information | C. | chromosome number | B. | the number of altered genes
present | D. | cell size | | | | |
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11.
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Organisms that reproduce
asexually do so by a form of cell division called A. | meiosis | C. | gamete formation | B. | mitosis | D. | fertilization | | | | |
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12.
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If the sperm cells of a fish
contain 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be found in the liver cells of that
fish?
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13.
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The diagram below represents
some stages of early embryonic development.
Which process is represented by the arrows in the diagram? A. | meiosis | B. | fertilization | C. | mitosis | D. | evolution | | | | | | | | |
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14.
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If an organism has a diploid
number of 28, how many chromosomes would be found in one of its egg cells?
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15.
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Which characteristic of sexual
reproduction has specifically favored the survival of animals that live on land? A. | fusion of gametes in the outside environment | B. | male gametes that may be carried by the wind | C. | fertilization within the body of the female | D. | female gametes that develop within ovaries | | |
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16.
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Normally, a complete set of
chromosomes (2n) is passed on to each daughter cell as a result of A. | mitotic cell division | C. | meiotic cell division | B. | reduction division | D. | nondisjunction | | | | |
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17.
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In humans, which cell is
produced most directly by mitotic cell division? A. | a zygote | B. | an egg
cell | C. | a sperm cell | D. | a skin cell | | | | | | | | |
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18.
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Normal mitotic cell division
results in each daughter cell having A. | half the number of chromosomes as the
parent cell | B. | twice the number of chromosomes as the parent
cell | C. | the same number and kinds of chromosomes as the parent
cell | D. | the same number but different kinds of chromosomes as the parent
cell | | |
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19.
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The chromosome number of a cell
produced by mitotic cell division is represented by 2n. If that cell had been produced by meiotic
cell division, its chromosome number would be represented by
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CLONING
Today some plants are cloned to produce millions of offspring from a
small piece of the original plant. Plant cloning is possible because the plant's diploid cells have
the same genetic potential as the zygote that originally produced the plant and because of the action
of the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin. These hormones are combined with other organic and
inorganic substances in a growth medium that stimulates the production of new plants. The cloning
process occurs in a sterile environment. The new plants produced are genetically identical to the
original plant and to each other.
The process and equipment for cloning are more expensive
than for other forms of vegetative propagation. The advantage of cloning is that large numbers of
desirable plants are produced in a short period of time. For example, a million plants of a new
variety can be cloned in about six months.
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20.
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For which reason is cloning
used to reproduce plants? A. | A large number of plants are produced in a
short period of time. | B. | Plants with a large degree of genetic
variability are produced. | C. | Plants are produced more cheaply than by
other vegetative methods. | D. | Plants are produced by the sexual process,
resulting in seeds. | | |
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21.
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If the diploid (2n) chromosome
number of a cloned plant is 12, the chromosome number of the plant cell used to produce the cloned
plant is
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22.
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Which factor would tend to
restrict genetic variations within a species? A. | gene
mutations | C. | recombination of genes | B. | asexual methods of
reproduction | D. | sexual methods of reproduction | | | | |
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23.
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Asexual reproduction of diploid
organisms normally results in a new organism that contain cells with A. | the 2n number of chromosomes | B. | more chromosomes than are found in the cells of the parent | C. | the n number of chromosomes | D. | fewer chromosomes than are found in the
cells of the parent | | |
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24.
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The members of a certain
species of grass in a lawn are genetically identical. The best explanation for this observation is
that the species most probably reproduces A. | by an asexual
method | B. | after pollination by the wind | C. | after pollination by a particular species of bee | D. | by identical sperm fertilizing the eggs | | |
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25.
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In most multicellular animals,
meiotic cell division occurs in specialized organs known as A. | gametes | B. | gonads | C. | kidneys | D. | cell organelles | | | | | | | | |
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26.
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Normally, each cell of a
specific organism contains 64 chromosomes. However, some cells in that organism may each contain only
32 chromosomes as a result of A. | crossing-over | C. | meiotic cell division | B. | mitotic cell division | D. | regeneration | | | | |
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Short
Answer
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27.
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A diagram of the human female
reproductive system is shown below.
Identify the structure labeled X and explain how it helps to provide nutrition
for a developing fetus.
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Use the diagram below to answer
the questions that follow.
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28.
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In the diagram above,
structures B and E provide nutrients and fluid for the gametes. Why are these
substances necessary for fertilization?
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29.
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In the diagram above, which
letter indicates a structure that secretes a hormone that promotes maturation of
gametes?
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30.
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In the diagram above, which
letter indicates a structure that is not involved in the production or delivery of
gametes?
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