Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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1.
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A food web is more stable than
a food chain because a food web A. | transfers all of the producer energy to
herbivores | B. | reduces the number of niches in the
ecosystem | C. | includes alternative pathways for energy
flow | D. | includes more consumers than producers | | |
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2.
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The diagram below shows changes
that might occur over time after a fire in a forest area.
Which statement is most closely related to
the events shown in the diagram? A. | The lack of animals in an altered
ecosystem speeds natural succession. | B. | Abrupt changes in an ecosystem only result
from human activities. | C. | Stable ecosystems never become established
after a natural disaster. | D. | An abrupt environmental change can cause a
long-term gradual change in an ecosystem. | | |
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3.
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The diagram below illustrates
the relationships between organisms in an ecosystem.
Which change would most likely reduce the
population size of the carnivorous fish? A. | a decrease in the duck population | B. | an increase in the raccoon population | C. | a decrease in pathogens of carnivorous fish | D. | an increase in the autotroph populations | | |
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4.
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The diagrams below show some
changes in an environment over time.
Which phrase best describes this sequence of diagrams? A. | the path of energy through a food web in a natural community | B. | the altering of an ecosystem by a natural disaster | C. | natural communities replacing each other in an orderly
sequence | D. | similarities between an aquatic ecosystem and a terrestrial
ecosystem | | |
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5.
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The chart below shows the
environmental functionsthat some organisms perform in a stable ecosystem.
How would a decrease in the number of
organisms that perform these functions most likely affect the ecosystem? A. | The interactions between other organisms would stop
immediately. | B. | The functions carried out by these organisms would no longer be
necessary. | C. | The ecosystem would remain stable. | D. | The ecosystem would become less stable. | | |
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6.
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"Natural ecosystems
provide an array of basic processes that affect humans."
Which statement does not support
this quotation? A. | Bacteria of decay help recycle materials. | B. | Trees add to the amount of atmospheric oxygen. | C. | Treated sewage is less damaging to the environment than untreated
sewage. | D. | Lichens and mosses living on rocks help to break the rocks down,
forming soil. | | |
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7.
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A food pyramid representing
relationships in a pond community is shown below.
The energy of the Sun is made available to
the pond community through the activities of the organisms at level
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8.
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The diagram below represents an
energy pyramid.
Which organisms would most likely be found at level A? A. | birds | B. | mammals | C. | worms | D. | algae | | | | | | | | |
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9.
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The dense needles of Douglas
fir trees can prevent most light from reaching the forest floor. This situation would have the most
immediate effect on A. | producers | C. | carnivores | B. | herbivores | D. | decomposers | | | | |
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10.
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An ecosystem will most likely
remain stable if A. | it has more predators than prey | C. | biotic factors
decrease | B. | it has a high level of biodiversity | D. | finite resources
decrease | | | | |
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11.
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The diagram below represents
part of a life process in a leaf chloroplast.
If
the process illustrated in the diagram is interrupted by a chemical at point X, there would be
an immediate effect on the release of A. | chlorophyll | B. | carbon dioxide | C. | nitrogen | D. | oxygen | | | | | | | | |
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12.
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The diagram below represents a
model of a food pyramid.
Which statement best describes what happens in this food pyramid? A. | More organisms die at higher levels than at lower levels, resulting in less mass at
higher levels. | B. | Energy is lost to the environment at each level, so less mass can be
supported at each higher level. | C. | When organisms die at higher levels, their
remains sink to lower levels, increasing the mass of lower levels. | D. | Organisms decay at each level, and thus less mass can be supported at succeedingly
higher levels. | | |
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13.
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A student hypothesized that
lettuce seeds would not germinate (begin to grow) unless they were covered with soil. The student
planted 10 lettuce seeds under a layer of soil and scattered 10 lettuce seeds on top of the soil. The
data collected are shown in the table below.
To improve the reliability of these results, the student should A. | conclude that darkness is necessary for lettuce seed
germination | B. | conclude that light is necessary for lettuce seed
germination | C. | revise the hypothesis | D. | repeat the experiment using a larger sample size | | |
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14.
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A student designed an
investigation to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of seed germination. The student
placed moist filter paper in each of four culture dishes. Ten bean seeds were placed on the filter
paper in each dish. The four dishes were numbered and placed in the dark at different temperatures as
follows:
Dish 1:10°C, Dish 2: 15°C, Dish 3:
20°C, Dish 4: 25°C.
The total number of germinated seeds in each culture dish was counted
each day for two weeks.
Which data table is best for recording the results of this
investigation?
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Short
Answer
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15.
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A food web is shown
below.
State what would happen to the plant population if the number of decomposers decreased
and explain why this would happen.
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For each description in the
following questions, select the interaction, chosen from the list below, that is most closely
associated with that description. Then record its number in the space below the description. An
answer may be used more than once or not at all.
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16.
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Ants (organism A) defend acacia
trees (organism B) from attacks by insects that are herbivores. The ants live in the hollow thorns of
the trees.
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17.
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The rhinoceros bird (organism
A) feeds on parasites that live on the body of a rhinoceros (organism B). The rhinoceros allows the
birds to feed on the parasites.
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18.
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Wasp larvae (organism A) obtain
nutrition from tomato hornworms (organism B). The tomato hornworms do not survive.
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19.
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How do guard cells of a leaf
help to maintain homeostasis in a plant?
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20.
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Identify one process
that a producer can accomplish that a carnivore can not accomplish.
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